List Of Cancer Types - Types Of Cancer

This is a list of cancer types, ordered alphabetically.

Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors or lumps are cancerous; benign tumors are not classified as being cancer because they do not spread to other parts of the body. There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.

Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision, cancers are additionally classified by the type of cell that the tumor cells originated from. These types include:

• Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. This group includes many of the most common cancers, particularly in older adults. Nearly all cancers developing in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon are carcinomas.
• Sarcoma: Cancers arising from connective tissue (i.e. bone, cartilage, fat, nerve), each of which develop from cells originating in mesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow.
• Lymphoma and leukemia: These two classes of cancer arise from cells that make blood. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children accounting for about 30%. However, far more adults develop lymphoma and leukemia.
• Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively).
• Blastoma: Cancers derived from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic tissue. Blastomas are more common in children than in older adults.

Cancers are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek word for the organ or tissue of origin as the root. For example, cancers of the liver parenchyma arising from malignant epithelial cells is called hepatocarcinoma, while a malignancy arising from primitive liver precursor cells is called a hepatoblastoma, and a cancer arising from fat cells is called a liposarcoma. For some common cancers, the English organ name is used. For example, the most common type of breast cancer is called ductal carcinoma of the breast. Here, the adjective ductal refers to the appearance of the cancer under the microscope, which suggests that it has originated in the milk ducts.

Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are usually named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is fibroid). Confusingly, some types of cancer use the -noma suffix, examples including melanoma and seminoma.

Some types of cancer are named for the size and shape of the cells under a microscope, such as giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and small-cell carcinoma.

A

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Adrenocortical carcinoma
• AIDS-related cancers
• AIDS-related lymphoma
• Anal cancer
• Appendix cancer
• Astrocytoma, childhood cerebellar or cerebral

B

• Basal-cell carcinoma
• Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic (see cholangiocarcinoma)
• Bladder cancer
• Bone tumor, osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma
• Brainstem glioma
• Brain cancer
• Brain tumor, cerebellar astrocytoma
• Brain tumor, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma
• Brain tumor, ependymoma
• Brain tumor, medulloblastoma
• Brain tumor, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors
• Brain tumor, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma
• Breast cancer
• Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids
• Burkitt's lymphoma

C

• Carcinoid tumor, childhood
• Carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal
• Carcinoma of unknown primary
• Central nervous system lymphoma, primary
• Cerebellar astrocytoma, childhood
• Cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma, childhood
• Cervical cancer
• Childhood cancers
• Chondrosarcoma
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia
• Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
• Colon cancer
• Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

D

• Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

E

• Endometrial cancer
• Ependymoma
• Epitheliod Hemangioendothelioma (EHE)
• Esophageal cancer
• Ewing's sarcoma in the Ewing family of tumors
• Extracranial germ cell tumor, childhood
• Extragonadal germ cell tumor
• Extrahepatic bile duct cancer
• Eye cancer, intraocular melanoma
• Eye cancer, retinoblastoma
• Epidemics of Cancer

G

• Gallbladder cancer
• Gastric (stomach) cancer
• Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
• Germ cell tumor: extracranial, extragonadal, or ovarian
• Gestational trophoblastic tumor
• Glioma of the brain stem
• Glioma, childhood cerebral astrocytoma
• Glioma, childhood visual pathway and hypothalamic
• Gastric carcinoid

H

• Hairy cell leukemia
• Head and neck cancer
• Heart cancer
• Hepatocellular (liver) cancer
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Hypopharyngeal cancer
• Hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, childhood

I

• Intraocular melanoma
• Islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas)

K

• Kaposi sarcoma
• Kidney cancer (renal cell cancer)

L

• Laryngeal cancer
• Leukaemias
• Leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic (also called acute lymphocytic leukaemia)
• Leukaemia, acute myeloid (also called acute myelogenous leukemia)
• Leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic (also called chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
• Leukemia, chronic myelogenous (also called chronic myeloid leukemia)
• Leukemia, hairy cell
• Lip and oral cavity cancer
• Liposarcoma
• Liver cancer (primary)
• Lung cancer, non-small cell
• Lung cancer, small cell
• Lymphomas
• Lymphoma, AIDS-related
• Lymphoma, Burkitt
• Lymphoma, cutaneous T-Cell
• Lymphoma, Hodgkin
• Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin (an old classification of all lymphomas except Hodgkin's)
• Lymphoma, primary central nervous system

M

• Macroglobulinemia, Waldenström
• Male breast cancer
• Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma
• Medulloblastoma, childhood
• Melanoma
• Melanoma, intraocular (eye)
• Merkel cell cancer
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant
• Mesothelioma, childhood
• Metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary
• Mouth cancer
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, childhood
• Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm
• Mycosis fungoides
• Myelodysplastic syndromes
• Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases
• Myelogenous leukemia, chronic
• Myeloid leukemia, adult acute
• Myeloid leukemia, childhood acute
• Myeloma, multiple (cancer of the bone-marrow)
• Myeloproliferative disorders, chronic
• Myxoma

N

• Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-small cell lung cancer

O

• Oligodendroglioma
• Oral cancer
• Oropharyngeal cancer
• Osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
• Ovarian cancer
• Ovarian epithelial cancer (surface epithelial-stromal tumor)
• Ovarian germ cell tumor
• Ovarian low malignant potential tumor

P

• Pancreatic cancer
• Pancreatic cancer, islet cell
• Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
• Parathyroid cancer
• Penile cancer
• Pharyngeal cancer
• Pheochromocytoma
• Pineal astrocytoma
• Pineal germinoma
• Pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, childhood
• Pituitary adenoma
• Plasma cell neoplasia/Multiple myeloma
• Pleuropulmonary blastoma
• Primary central nervous system lymphoma
• Prostate cancer

R

• Rectal cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
• Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer
• Retinoblastoma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood

S

• Salivary gland cancer
• Sarcoma, Ewing family of tumors
• Sarcoma, Kaposi
• Sarcoma, soft tissue
• Sarcoma, uterine
• Sézary syndrome
• Skin cancer (non-melanoma)
• Skin cancer (melanoma)
• Skin carcinoma, Merkel cell
• Small cell lung cancer
• Small intestine cancer
• Soft tissue sarcoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma â€" see skin cancer (non-melanoma)
• Squamous neck cancer with occult primary, metastatic
• Stomach cancer
• Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, childhood

T

• T-Cell lymphoma, cutaneous â€" see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary syndrome
• Testicular cancer
• Throat cancer
• Thymoma, childhood
• Thymoma and thymic carcinoma
• Thyroid cancer
• Thyroid cancer, childhood
• Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter
• Trophoblastic tumor, gestational

U

• Unknown primary site, carcinoma of, adult
• Unknown primary site, cancer of, childhood
• Ureter and renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer
• Urethral cancer
• Uterine cancer, endometrial
• Uterine sarcoma

V

• Vaginal cancer
• Visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, childhood
• Vulvar cancer

W

• Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Wilms tumor (kidney cancer), childhood